In Texas, What Campaign Donner (Special Interest) Gives The Most Money To Political Campaigns?
In the 2014 election cycle, candidates for country office across the country enhance over three billion dollars in entrada contributions--and since then the number has increased further. This number was but attained by reaching out to a variety of sources, such every bit state political parties, corporations, unions, political activity committees, and individuals.
To help ensure that these groups have no corruptive influence on election and campaigns, many states impose contribution limits on candidates, dictating how much any one entity can give a campaign
This page provides an overview of the types of restrictions states place on contribution limits, and gives examples of certain statutory restrictions. For information on other types of campaign finance restrictions, delight visit our pages on disclosure and public financing of elections.
Individual Contribution Limits
Only eleven states (Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, and Virginia) impose no contribution limits on private donors. The other 39 states restrict the corporeality of money that any ane individual can contribute to a country campaign. These limits are typically dependent upon the office the candidate seeks. For example, Connecticut restricts private spending to $ane,000 for a candidate in a land senate race and $250 for a candidate for a country house seat.
Using information from the 2019-2020 election cycle, this chart shows the wide range of contribution limits beyond states:
| Governor | State Senate | State House | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Average | $vi,126 | $2,947 | $ii,539 |
| National Median | $4,000 | $two,000 | $ane,600 |
| Highest Limit | $47,100 (New York) | $xiii,292 (Ohio) | $13,292 (Ohio) |
| Lowest Limit | $500 (Alaska) | $180 (Montana) | $180 (Montana) |
Following the Supreme Courtroom's conclusion in McCutcheon five. Federal Ballot Committee, 134 S.Ct. 1434 (2014), limits on the total corporeality of money an individual can contribute during an election cycle violate the Showtime Amendment, and are therefore unconstitutional. McCutcheon dealt with federal ballot spending, but the ruling trickled down to land statutes dealing with aggregate contribution limits. Before the ruling, ix states imposed amass contribution limits on the overall amount individuals and groups could contribute to candidates.
Connecticut, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New York'southward election law agencies accept announced they will no longer enforce their states' aggregate contribution limits, and Wisconsin'due south was struck down by the courts in response to McCutcheon. While limitations on the corporeality of money an private can contribute to a specific entrada can remain in place, states more than likely volition not exist able to impose an aggregate limit on entrada contributions from individuals.
For a consummate list of contribution limits from individuals, please see NCSL'south webpage on Country Limits on Contributions to Candidates.
State Party Contribution Limits
19 states impose no restrictions on the ability of state party committees to contribute money to a candidate's campaign. Illinois, Kansas, New Bailiwick of jersey, and New York let land parties to donate unlimited sums if the candidate meets sure qualifications, such as running uncontested or like-minded past certain spending limits. The remaining 27 states take some sort of restriction on funds from political parties, falling into ii camps. Georgia, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Nevada, New Mexico and West Virginia require parties to follow the same contribution limits established for individuals. The other 20 states outline separate limits for political parties.
NCSL's webpage on Country Limits on Contributions to Candidates provides farther information on contribution limits for state political parties.
Corporation Contribution Limits
22 states completely prohibit corporations from contributing to political campaigns. Another five—Alabama, Nebraska, Oregon, Utah and Virginia—let corporations to contribute an unlimited amount of money to state campaigns. Of the remaining 23 states, 19 impose the aforementioned restrictions on corporation contributions every bit they exercise for individual contributions. The other 4 set unlike limits.
Again, delight refer to NCSL'southward webpage on Country Limits on Contributions to Candidates for more information on corporate contribution limits.
Political Action group Contribution Limits
PACs, or political action committees, are organizations that pool entrada contributions from its members to back up or oppose candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. Often formed in support of a specific candidate or ballot measure, PACs represent 1 mode a corporation tin contribute to a candidate'due south campaign without violating restrictions on corporate influence in elections. If a corporation desired to form a PAC, pooling contributions from its employees or outside sources into a distinct banking company account, the PAC can spend coin to influence elections in a mode the corporation cannot by itself. 13 states allow PACs to contribute unlimited amounts of coin to state campaigns.
The remaining 37 either impose the same limitations as those for individuals or provide a separate contribution limit. After the Supreme Court's determination in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 (2010), PACs can spend unlimited amounts of money on broadcasts and communications related to an ballot, provided they act independently of whatsoever one candidate. (Follow this link to learn more well-nigh campaign finance and the Supreme Court.)
To see current and awaiting legislation dealing with campaign finance, please visit the 2015 to Present Entrada Finance Legislation Database, which hosts nib dealing with contribution limits.
Additional Resources
- NCSL's fifty-Country Chart on Contribution Limits for the 2019-2020 Election Cycle
- Entrada Finance External Resource
- 2015 to Nowadays Database of Campaign Finance Legislation Database
- For more information on other means states regulate campaign finance, run into our pages on Disclosure and Reporting Requirements and Public Financing.
Near This Project
The content for this webpage was created by Brian Cruikshank from William and Mary Law School, in coordination with NCSL'due south staff.
If yous don't find the data you need, please contact our elections squad at 303-364-7700 or elections-info@ncsl.org. NCSL staff tin do specialized searches for legislators and legislative staff.
Source: https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/campaign-contribution-limits-overview.aspx
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